Norman Raschkowan

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Founded in 1973, Standard Life Investments Canada, Inc. is a subsidiary of Edinburgh-based Standard Life Investments Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Standard Life Plc (SLFPF.PK). The firm is headquartered in Montreal. They manage both institutional and retail mutual funds. Although pooled and separated pension funds for defined benefit plans constitute their core institutional client base, they also manage assets for endowment funds, foundations, corporations and SMWA sponsors. In addition, Standard Life Investments manages pooled investment funds for defined contribution pension plans, retail mutual funds and individual segregated funds associated with various savings and retirement products offered by Standard Life Canada.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.