Richard Watts

Voya Investments LLC (VIL) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona. The predecessor of VIL began business as an investment adviser in 1994. In 2001, the name of the investment adviser changed from Pilgrim Investments, Inc. to ING Pilgrim Investments LLC. They became ING Investments LLC in 2002 and Voya Investments LLC in 2014. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Voya Funds Services LLC, ultimately held by Voya Financial, Inc. (NYSE: VOYA). VIL serves as an investment adviser for certain open- and closed-end registered investment companies and to certain Cayman Islands-based CLOs.

Schroder Investment Management Ltd. (SIM) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Schroder International Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Great Britain-based Schroders Plc (LSE: SDR, ADR: SHNWY). Established in 1985, SIM is headquartered in London and caters to a range of clients such as corporations, insurance firms, local and public authorities, charities, pension funds, high net-worth individuals and retail investors.

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

Pension Services Ltd. is the wholly owned, Great Britain-based pension fund management subsidiary of BS Pension Fund Trustee Ltd., which is owned by The Nusserwanji Ruttonji Tata Family Trust in India. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1983 to manage British Steel Pension Scheme's investments.

Gulf International Bank (UK) Ltd. (GIB UK) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1978 and formerly known as Al-Bank Al-Saudi Al-Alami Ltd. They are a wholly owned subsidiary of Gulf International Bank B.S.C., which was established in the Kingdom of Bahrain in 1975. GIB-UK primarily provides portfolio management services to separate accounts of institutions and pension plans.

Aviva Investors Global Services Ltd. (AIGSL) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Aviva Investors Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Aviva plc (LSE: AV, ADR: AV) in Great Britain. Previously known as Morley Fund Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1973, merged with Norwich Union Investment Management Ltd. in 2000 and underwent restructuring in 2008. Headquartered in London, AIGSL provides investment management services and related advisory to various subsidiaries of the Aviva Group and external clients such as retail funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors.

Robeco Institutional Asset Management BV (RIAM) is the Netherlands-based asset management subsidiary of Robeco Europe NV, itself a subsidiary of ORIX Corp. (TYO: 8591, ADR: IX), a Japanese business conglomerate that started operations in 1964. Headquartered in Rotterdam, the firm was founded in 1929 and provides investment products and services to institutional and private clients through locations in Europe, the US, the Middle East and Asia. RIAM is a socially responsible investor which engages in active dialogue with the companies in which they invest about good corporate governance and subjects of environmental or social interest. Their product range encompasses fixed-income, equity and alternative investments.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Thames River Capital LLP (TRC) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Capital (UK) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. TRC provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide, through several single and multi-manager funds.

Artemis Investment Management LLP (AIM) is a Great Britain-based investment management firm headquartered in London with an additional office in Edinburgh. The firm was founded in 1997 and is a subsidiary of Artemis Strategic Asset Management Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (NYSE: AMG) in the US. AIM manages a range of funds, investment trusts, hedge fund products, venture capital trusts, and pooled and segregated institutional portfolios for both retail and institutional investors.

Fitch Ratings Ltd. (FRL) is an investment research firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1977 and is a subsidiary of Fitch Ratings, Inc., ultimately held by The Hearst Family Trust in the US. FRL provides research and specialized ratings of services to residential and commercial mortgages, asset managers and managed funds. They also publish quantitatively based ratings such as Q-IFS ratings.

Columbia Threadneedle Netherlands BV (CT Netherlands) is the wholly owned, Netherlands-based investment management subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Group (Holdings) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. The firm was formerly known as F&C Netherlands BV and became BMO Asset Management Netherlands BV in 2018. They were renamed Columbia Threadneedle Netherlands BV when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. Headquartered in Amsterdam, CT Netherland manages fixed-income assets, credit, convertible stocks and real estate for Dutch institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies.

Mirabaud Asset Management Ltd. (MAM) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Mirabaud SCA, itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mirabaud Partners & Cie in Switzerland. The firm was founded by Philip Watson in 1982 as TWH Management, later taken over by Mirabaud Pereire Holdings. Headquartered in London, MAM provides a focused and specialized range of investment solutions to institutional and wholesale investors on a global basis.

Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (DFAL) is a mutual fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 and is a subsidiary of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (DFA), ultimately held by Dimensional Holdings, Inc. in the US. DFAL provides sub-advisory services to DFA, a registered investment advisor, primarily in connection with DFA’s management of the US Dimensional Funds, and also certain institutional separate accounts.

Barclays Capital Securities Ltd. (BCS) is the brokerage subsidiary of Barclays Bank plc, which is owned by Barclays Plc (LON: BARC), an international financial services group in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in London with offices worldwide. BCS provides prime brokerage services which include equities and fixed income financing, OTC Clearing, Futures and Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage and access to industry insights and analytics.

Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP (Brevan Howard) is an alternative investment firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2002 and is a subsidiary of BH Partnership Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Brevan Howard (Jersey) LP. Brevan Howard manages assets for institutional investors around the world including sovereign wealth funds, corporate and public pension plans, foundations and endowments.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP engages in the provision of accounting services. Its services include audit and assurance, accounting advisory, risk assurance, tax management, corporate insolvency, life cycle assessment, forensic services, private equity advisory, and financial reporting valuations. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

BMO Investment Business Ltd. (BMO Investment) is a Private Equity firm, a subsidiary of BMO Asset Management (Holdings) Plc founded in 2005. The firm is headquartered in Edinburgh.

Columbia Threadneedle Management Ltd. (CTML) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1953 as F&C Management Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Management Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Management Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. They are a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTML manages investments for individual investors, financial advisers, and wealth managers, as well as insurance firms, pension funds, and other institutions. CTML is a signatory to the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investing (UNPRI).

Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC (CMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP). The firm was formed in 2010 due to Ameriprise Financial Services' (AFS) acquisition of the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group (CMG) from Bank of America. AFS merged CMG's long-term asset management business with their subsidiary, RiverSource Investments LLC, under the name Columbia Management Investment Advisors. CMIA offers equity and fixed-income retail and institutional investment products for various types of clients.

Part of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., Columbia Threadneedle Capital (UK) Ltd. is a British financial asset management company founded in 1997. The company is based in London, UK. The company's description was not provided in the given dictionary, but it is part of BMO Asset Management, which comprises BMO Asset Management Inc. and BMO Investments Inc.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

EdenTree Investment Management Ltd. (EdenTree) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 as Ecclesiastical Buildings Fire Office to protect the Anglican Church. EdenTree was a wholly owned subsidiary of Benefact Group Plc until January 2023 when the entire ordinary issued share capital of the firm was transferred to EdenTree Holdings Ltd. (EHL) as part of the Group wide restructuring. They are ultimately owned by Benefact Trust Ltd. EdenTree provides a broad range of insurance, financial services and risk management solutions to meet the specific needs of its customers and business partners, which includes charities and heritage property owners. They manage the EdenTree Investment Funds for charities, designed to meet the needs of the UK Church and Charity investors.