Vivek S. Gandhi

CLSA Ltd. is the Hong Kong-based institutional brokerage subsidiary of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SSE: 600030, SEHK: 6030), a full-service investment bank headquartered in China. Founded in 1986, the firm provides sales and execution services to global investors and corporates.

Phillip Securities Pte Ltd. (Phllip Securities) is the stockbroking arm of PhillipCapital in Singapore. Founded in 1975, the firm provides a range of financial services including fund management, bond and securities broking, futures, foreign exchange, precious metals and commodities broking, unit trusts, hedge funds, home loans, insurance, real estate consultancy, investor education and investment research for retail, corporate and institutional clients.

Part of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd., CLSA Securities Malaysia Sdn Bhd. The company is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. is a leading Asian capital markets and investment group. CLSA analysts provide insights and market-leading research to their clients. The Malaysian company, founded in 2005, offers equities, corporate finance & capital markets, and asset management services that connect institutional investors to ideas and companies to capital.

CGS-CIMB Research Pte Ltd. (CGS-CIMB-Research) is the Singapore-based research subsidiary of CIMB Bank Bhd., ultimately owned by CIMB Group Holdings Bhd. (KL: 1023) in Malaysia. The CIMB-GK group consists of several firms operating in close relationship to provide investment research, brokerage, corporate finance services, wealth management and online trading. In addition to Singapore, the CIMB-GK group has offices in London, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand and the US. The firm was formerly known as G. K. Goh Research, established in Singapore in the 1980s. They became CIMB Research Pte Ltd. in 2005 when CIMB acquired G. K. Goh Stockbrokers Pte Ltd. CGS-CIMB-Research is primarily a research and analysis operation which focuses on equity, fixed-income and economic trends in South-East Asia. The firm specializes in regional market predictions, advising the parent group's subsidiaries as well as domestic and foreign fund managers.

CLSA Securities Korea Ltd. is the South Korean brokerage subsidiary of Netherlands-based CLSA BV, ultimately held by CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SHA: 600030) in China. Headquartered in Seoul, the firm was founded in 2002 and provides sales and execution services to institutional investors and corporates world-wide.

DC Frontiers Pte Ltd. develops software for information search using AI. It offers data and tech products. The company was founded by Daryl Neo and Charles Poon in 2011 and is headquartered in Singapore.

CLSA Americas LLC is a FINRA registered broker-dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2012 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of CLSA Americas Holdings, Inc., which is ultimately owned by CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SHA: 600030) in China. CLSA Americas offers a full suite of execution services throughout North America and Latin America.

Robo Global LLC is an index, advisory, and research firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The firm was founded in 2013 and was acquired by VettaFi LLC in 2023. Robo Global develops investment solutions and provides investment products that target the robotics, automation and related technology sectors.

Part of BNP Paribas SA, BNP Paribas Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. is a financial institution that offers a wide range of solutions across corporate and institutional banking, financing, investment banking, hedging, equity, and derivatives. The company is based in Singapore, Singapore and is a key strategic region for BNP Paribas, with a presence in 13 markets and over 18,000 employees. Established in 1860, BNP Paribas is the second oldest foreign bank in the region.

CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (CLSA Japan) is the Japan-based brokerage subsidiary of CLSA Ltd., itself a subsidiary of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SH: 600030; HK: 6030; PK: CIIHY) in China. The firm was established in 2004 as Calyon Securites Ltd. They subsequently became Credit Agricole Securities Asia B.V., Tokyo Branch and changed their name to CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. in 2013 when they merged with CLSA Japan Co. Headquartered in Hong Kong, CLSA Japan provides brokerage services including Japanese & Asian research and European equities. The CLSA Japan team works closely with the global sales teams in London, NY, Hong Kong and Singapore.

Part of Citigroup, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Singapore Pte Ltd. is a company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in Singapore, Singapore.

Credit Suisse (Australia) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Australia) is a broker/dealer firm headquartered in Sydney, Australia. The firm was founded in 1999 and is a subsidiary of Credit Suisse AG, which is owned by Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. Credit Suisse Australia offers global securities sales, trading and execution, prime brokerage, underwriting, and comprehensive investment research for corporate and institutional investors.

Société Générale SA (UK) (Société Générale UK) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of Societe Generale SA (XP: GLE, ADR: SCGLY) in France. Headquartered in London, Société Générale UK was founded in 1993 and provides broking services.

Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte. (Goldman Sachs-Singapore) is the brokerage subsidiary of New York-based Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS), a global investment bank that offers financial services to corporations, institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals. Headquartered in Singapore, the firm opened in 1989 and is the regional hub for the group's activities in Southeast Asia, particularly asset management and energy trading. Goldman Sachs-Singapore provides a full range of corporate finance and capital markets products and services across a wide range of operating areas. Business functions include capital structuring advisory, and security services.