Geoffrey Armstrong

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of the following: (1) funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and (2) separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Newton Investment Management Ltd. (Newton) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Newton Management Ltd., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) (BNY Mellon) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 as a joint venture with Scottish insurance broker Reed Stenhouse. In 1986 they were acquired by Alexander & Alexander and were renamed Newton Investment Management. Headquartered in London, Newton provides investment products and services to a wide range of clients, such as pension funds, charities, corporations and individuals (via BNY Mellon). Newton is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

Coutts & Co. is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1755 and is a subsidiary of NatWest Markets Plc, owned by NatWest Group Plc (LON: NWG). Coutts & Co. offers private banking and wealth management services for high-net-worth individuals and their families.

Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (Pictet AM) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1980 and is wholly owned by Pictet Asset Management Holding SA, which is ultimately owned by Banque Pictet & Cie SA in Switzerland. Pictet AM provides discretionary investment management services on a global scale to a wide range of international institutional clients. Furthermore, the firm also acts as the investment adviser or sub-adviser to US-based investment companies and other regulated and unregulated collective investment schemes in international jurisdictions. Pictet AM adheres to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

Baring Asset Management Ltd. (Barings UK) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Barings Europe Ltd., ultimately held by Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. in the US. Barings traces its origins to 1762 when it was founded in London as a firm of merchants and merchant bankers. They were an asset management pioneer in the UK and set up an Investment Department in 1955. In 1989, all of Barings' asset management activities were consolidated within Baring Asset Management. Headquartered in London, the firm manages assets on behalf of pension funds, pooled vehicles, governments, charities and high-net worth individuals. Barings UK offers a wide range of equity and fixed-income mutual funds in both domestic and international markets. They are a socially responsible investor which takes environmental and socially responsible investment issues into account and seek guidance from clients.

GAM London Ltd. is a mutual fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1966 and is a subsidiary of GAM (UK) Ltd., which is owned by GAM Holding AG (SWX: GAM; OTCMKTS: GMHLF) in Switzerland. GAM London provides a range of investment management services such as single manager funds, funds of hedge funds, discretionary portfolio management and structured investments, to private clients, charities, family offices, and institutional investors.

HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (HSBC GAM-UK) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd., ultimately part of HSBC Holdings plc (LON: HSBA, ADR: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC GAM-UK was founded in 1985 and acts as a discretionary investment manager that offers a wide range of investment solutions across equity, fixed income, liquidity and multi-asset strategies. Their clients include the Group’s retail and private banking customers, financial intermediaries and distributors and institutions.

Cavendish Asset Management Ltd. (Cavendish AM) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1962 and is a subsidiary of Stonehage Fleming Family & Partners Ltd., ultimately owned by Spes Bona Ltd. in British Virgin Islands. Cavendish AM provides portfolio management services to high-net worth individuals and financial institutions.

Putnam Investments Ltd. (PIL) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1982 and is a subsidiary of Putnam Advisory Holdings II LLC, ultimately owned by Power Financial Corp. in Canada. PIL is an active asset manager that provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Adam & Co. Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is an investment management firm headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland. The firm was founded in 1983 by a group of influential Scottish business people. They were acquired by Canada-based Canaccord Genuity Group, Inc. (TSE: CF) from The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (LON: RBS, NYSE: RBS) in 2021. AIM offers asset management services to asset managers, pension funds, banks, foundations, insurance companies and family offices.

IFM Investors Pty Ltd. (IFM) is the fund management subsidiary of IFM Holdings Pty Ltd., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Industry Super Holdings Pty Ltd. in Australia. The firm was founded in 2004 through the merger of IFS Capital Group (1994) and DAF Ltd. (1990). Headquartered in Melbourne, IFM provides advisory services to various clients organized as privately offered pooled investment vehicles and institutional clients that invest through separately managed accounts. IFM is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Minnesota Steel Industries LLC manufactures steel. It incorporated the commercially available technology in mining, concentrating, pellet plant, DRI and electric arc steelmaking on a single site, making it one of the lowest cost steel producers in the world. The company is headquartered in St. Paul, MN.

Key Capital Investment Management Ltd. (Key Capital Investment Management) is a private equity subsidiary of KC II Ltd founded in 2006. The firm is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.

Handelsbanken Wealth & Asset Management Ltd. (Handelsbanken) is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and rebranded as Heartwood Wealth Management Ltd. in 2020. They became a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Handelsbanken Plc in 2013, which is ultimately owned by of Svenska Handelsbanken AB (STO: SHB.A, SHB.B) in Sweden. Handelsbanken manages portfolios for private clients and offers investment management services directly to charities, institutions and individuals through professional intermediaries.

Julius Baer International Ltd. (JBI) is the Great Britain-based wealth management subsidiary of Julius Bär Gruppe AG (SWX: BAER) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1968 and is headquartered in London. JBI provides advisory services related to asset management and financial planning for private clients.

Institute of Directors In Ireland promotes governance and develops leadership skills. It offer services to boards in Ireland including a non-executive director and chairperson appointment service through the boardroom centre, a board evaluation service, carried out by highly experienced assessors. The company is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.

The Chartered Institute For Securities & Investment operates as securities and investment educational institute. It is the professional body for those who work in the securities and investment industry in the UK and in a growing number of major financial centres round the world. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

GlobeScan Capital, Inc. (dba GCI Investors) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and wealth management firm headquartered in Houston, Texas. The firm was founded by Pasupati Sadhukhan in 1996 and became a subsidiary of Brasada Capital Management LP in 2023. GCI Investors provides direct investment services for individual clients, corporate clients, 401k plans, and other registered investment advisors (RIAs) on a sub-advisory basis.

AMP Capital Investors (UK) Ltd. (AMPCI) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of AMP Capital Investors International Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately held by AMP Ltd. (ASX: AMP) in Australia. AMPCI provides investment advisory and management services to individual and institutional clients.

Part of Cantor Fitzgerald LP, Cantor Fitzgerald Ireland Ltd. is a brokerage services provider. The company is based in Dublin, Ireland. Ronan Reid has been the CEO of the Irish company since 2012.

Credit Suisse Asset Management (Schweiz) AG (CSAM Schweiz) is the asset management subsidiary of Credit Suisse AG, ultimately owned by Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN, ADR: CS) in Switzerland. Founded in 2017, the firm is headquartered in Zurich and manages collective investment schemes for institutional and individual clients.

Ardverikie Estate Ltd. was founded in 1956 and is based in Inverness, UK. The private company is famous for being the location of Glenbogle in Monarch of the Glen. The British company offers self-catering holiday cottages, lodges, and vacation accommodation in the central highlands near Cairngorms National Park.

LGT Wealth Management Ltd. is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2007 and formerly known as Abrdn Capital Ltd. In 2023, they became a subsidiary of LGT UK Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately owned by LGT Group Foundation in Liechtenstein. LGT Wealth Management provides discretionary investment management services for private clients, charities and pension schemes.

Part of JS International Holdings Ltd., S.I.M. Partnership (London) Ltd. is a British company founded in 1996 that partners with clients for the long term, committed to growing their assets responsibly. The company is based in London, UK. This ensures a sustainable world for future generations.