Brett Risser

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

State Street Research & Management Company (SSR), with a history dating back to 1924, is one of the nation's first investment management organizations. The Boston-based firm is a subsidiary of MetLife (NYSE:MET), one of the world's largest financial services companies. The firm, together with its affiliate SSR Realty, actively manages stock, bond, balanced and real estate portfolios for both institutional and individual investors. SSR manages pension money for many of the largest U.S. corporate pension plans. SSR also manages money for public and union pension plans, foundations, endowments, and mutual funds.