Alexander G. Rich

National Academy of Sciences operates as a private, nongovernmental institution that advises on issues related to science and technology. It provides independent, objective analysis and advice and conducts other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The firm also encourages education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science. The company was founded on March 3, 1863 and is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The American Academy of Arts & Sciences is an organization that honors excellence and brings together leaders. The non-profit company is based in Cambridge, MA.

The American Philosophical Society is an organization that hosts biannual general meetings for its members, families, and distinguished guests. The non-profit company is based in Philadelphia, PA. The meetings cater to the diverse interests and expertise of attendees and provide a unique opportunity to indulge the audience’s breadth of intellectual curiosity. The society has an exceptional collection of over 13 million manuscripts, objects, books, images, and works of art covering various topics such as early and revolutionary history, natural history, Indian linguistics and culture, nuclear physics, computer development, medical science, genetics and eugenics, and the development of cultural anthropology.

The National Academy of Medicine (United States) is based in Washington and is focused on improving the health and well-being of individuals through various initiatives. These initiatives include the clinician well-being collaborative, which aims to accelerate the implementation of a national plan for health workforce well-being, and the development of a code of conduct for the use of artificial intelligence in health care. The organization also provides resources to support meaningful community engagement in health and health care programs and policies. Recently, the National Academy of Medicine announced the appointment of Mandy Cohen, a member of the organization, as the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Additionally, the organization has released a publication celebrating 50 years of progress in biomedical science, health, and health care.

Alkermes, Inc. develops and manufactures pharmaceutical products. It offers medicines for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The company was founded by Michael A. Wall, Floyd E. Bloom, Frederick W. K. Brown, Paul R. Schimmel and Alexander G. Rich in 1987 and is headquartered in Waltham, MA.

The Pontifical Academy of Sciences engages in the research and development of science. It focuses on the promotion of mathematical, physical and natural sciences and the study of related epistemological questions and issues, the development of interdisciplinary approach to scientific knowledge, and the provision of authoritative advice on scientific and technological matters. The company was founded by Federico Cesi, Giovanni Heck, Francesco Stelluti, and Anastasio de Filiis on August 17, 1603 and is headquartered in Vatican City, Italy.

French Academy of Sciences engages in protection of spirit of French scientific research. The firm offers science teaching, transmitting knowledge, international collaboration and advice. The company was founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1666 and is headquartered in Paris, France.