Andrew Toole

Dr. Andrew Toole is a Research Associate at Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH.
He is the Deputy Chief Economist at the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
He joined the USPTO with experience in the private sector, academia, and government.
His research focuses on the economics of innovation, intellectual property, and related science and technology policies.
He was a Senior Economist for Laurits R.
Christensen Associates where he conducted studies on total factor productivity, cost and price analysis, and competitive strategy.
In 2010, he joined the Science Policy Branch of USDA’s Economic Research Service.
He completed his PhD in economics at Michigan State University.
In 1998, Dr. Toole went to Stanford University as a postdoctoral student before becoming a faculty member at Illinois State University and Rutgers University in New Jersey.
As an academic researcher, Dr. Toole was asked to advise on science and technology policy issues for institutions such as the U.S.
National Academies of Science, U.S.
National Institutes of Health, and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA).