Chris MacDonald

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

Merrill Lynch International (MLI-UK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of ML UK Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. MLI-UK provides brokerage services to individual and retail clients.

Deutsche Bank AG (Deutsche Bank UK) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1873. Deutsche Bank provides brokerage services to companies and institutions.

Barclays Capital Securities Ltd. (BCS) is the brokerage subsidiary of Barclays Bank plc, which is owned by Barclays Plc (LON: BARC), an international financial services group in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in London with offices worldwide. BCS provides prime brokerage services which include equities and fixed income financing, OTC Clearing, Futures and Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage and access to industry insights and analytics.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Shane Le Prevost in 2007 to provide a different style of broking. They were acquired by Panmure Liberum Ltd. from TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in 2024. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in various large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. They are a subsidiary of Alliancebernstein Corp. of Delaware, ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Founded in 1999, the firm provides fundamental research and full service execution services to institutional clients globally. They offer bottom-up coverage and portfolio strategies supported by sophisticated quantitative tools.

Canaccord Genuity Ltd. (CGL) is the brokerage subsidiary of Canaccord Genuity Group, Inc. (TSE: CF). The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1983. CGL provides brokerage services to their clients.

Lansdowne Partners (UK) LLP (Lansdowne) is the alternative investment management subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners International Ltd. in the Cayman Islands. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1998. Lansdowne provides investment advisory services on a discretionary basis to their clients, which includes commingled investment vehicles intended for institutional investors and other sophisticated investors and investment vehicles formed for particular investors and separately managed accounts for sophisticated financial institutions, including registered investment companies. Lansdowne is a signatory to the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investing (UNPRI).

Zephyr Management LP (Zephyr Management) is a private equity firm founded in 1994 by Thomas Barry. The firm is headquartered in New York.

M&G Investment Management Ltd. (MAGIM) is the asset management subsidiary of MG FA Ltd., ultimately owned by M&G Plc (LON: MNG) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Prudential Investment Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1968 and is headquartered in London. MAGIM provides investment management for a broad range of clients, with a product range that includes segregated mandates for institutions as well as retail mutual funds for individuals.

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

Stifel Nicolaus Europe Ltd. (SNEL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1999 and do-business-as Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Ltd. (KBW). They are a subsidiary of Stifel Europe Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Stifel Financial Corp. (NYSE: SF) in the US. SNEL provides Pan-European equity research and sales and trading products for their institutional clients.

Part of Olivetree Group Ltd., Olivetree Financial Ltd. is an independent investment bank based in London, UK. Olivetree Financial is an established and trusted trade execution partner for many of the largest and most sophisticated institutional investors and hedge funds, with core expertise in equities and capital markets transactions. The British company provides quick-to-market detailed independent analysis of corporate events such as mergers, takeovers, and restructurings, helping clients to understand and navigate complex situations. Olivetree Financial has built core expertise combining a wealth of experience with innovative data analysis to provide guidance and insight where clients need it most. Its event-driven team is recognized as market leaders. Olivetree Financial is authorized and regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission and is subject to limited regulation with the Financial Conduct Authority. The company was founded in 2009 by Daryn Michael Kutner, who has been the CEO since then.

Boldhaven Management LLP (Boldhaven) is an independent alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Ronald Sofer in 2017. Boldhaven manages the Boldhaven Fund, which is a concentrated, value-oriented strategy focused on long and short opportunities in Europe.

Commerzbank AG (UK) is the UK brokerage division of Commerzbank AG (FR: CBK) in Germany. Based in London, they engage in equity, debt and derivative instrument trading, investment banking, public finance and treasury, interest-rate and currency management, as well as corporate finance. In 2009 Dresdner Bank was acquired by and merged into Commerzbank and the London-based activities of Dresdner Kleinwort Securities absorbed into Commerzbank AG (UK). The firm provides capital markets services, corporate advisory, risk management, research and lending services focused on equity, corporate and emerging-market debt, derivatives and money market products. Their clients are European and international corporations, institutions and government entities. In terms of corporate finance they offer financial advisory as well as execution capabilities for a wide range of corporate finance-related transactions on a global basis. Their primary focus is on mergers and acquisitions, disposals, equity issues and initial public offerings.

Goodbody Stockbrokers UC (Goodbody) is an institutional brokerage firm headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. The firm was founded in 1877 and is a subsidiary of government-owned AIB Group Plc (ISE: AIBG; OTCMKTS: AIBGY). Goodbody offers a traditional stockbroking service to their institutional client base. They cover several stocks via Research and Execution.

Investec Bank Plc (Broker) (IBP) is the brokerage arm of Investec Bank Plc, itself a subsidiary of Investec Plc (LON: INVP) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, IBP was founded in 1950 and they offer a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for corporate clients.

Exane SA (United Kingdom) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Exane SA in France, which is owned by BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP). Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 2019 and provides institutional investors with a range of services, such as research, sale and execution on European equities.

Pictet Asset Management SA (Pictet AM) is the asset management subsidiary of Pictet Asset Management Holding SA, ultimately held by Banque Pictet & Cie in Switzerland. Established in 1967, the firm is headquartered in Geneva with investment management centers in Zurich, London, Singapore and Tokyo. They also have marketing client service centers in major cities worldwide. Pictet AM manages a range of equity, fixed income, alternative and multi asset products. They provide specialist investment services through segregated accounts and investment funds to some of the world’s largest pension funds, financial institutions, sovereign wealth funds, intermediaries and their clients. Pictet AM is a responsible investor and signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment.

Edison Investment Research Ltd. (Edison) is an investment research, investor relations and consulting firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Stephen Rogers and Fraser Thorne in 2003. They are a subsidiary of Edison Global Ltd. Edison provides investment research to international investors, advisors and stakeholders.

S14 Capital LLP is an independent alternative asset manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2017 as HPR Capital LLP. S14 Capital manages assets for institutional investors and family offices.

Talaria Capital Pty Ltd. is an investment firm that specializes in equity investing. The private company is based in Melbourne, Australia, and has subsidiaries in Australia. The Australian company's unique and alternative approach to investing delivers high levels of consistent income, lower market risk, and greater certainty of returns. The company was founded in 2005 by Chad Padowitz and Joel M. Beebe. Jamie Mead has been the CEO of the company since 2016.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Yeoh Saxton-Pizzie Ltd. is a British company that was founded in 2007 and wholesales fish and seafood products. The private company is based in London, UK.

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

Union Bancaire Privée, UBP SA (UBP) is the private banking subsidiary of CBI Holding SA in Switzerland. Headquartered in Geneva, the firm was founded in 1969 by Edgar de Picciotto as Compagnie de Banque et d'Investissements (CBI). They merged with TDB-American Express Bank to create Union Bancaire Privée SA in 1990 and in 2011 acquired the Swiss wealth management subsidiary of ABN AMRO. UBP is an asset management specialist which provides wealth management services for private and institutional clients.

Robert Fleming Holdings Ltd. provides investment banking services. It also provides asset management services to corporates, pension funds, government institutions, charities, private clients and retail customers throughout the world. The company was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in London, UK.

Part of JPMorgan Chase & Co., Jardine Fleming Securities (Asia) Ltd. is a company based in Tokyo, Japan.