Christine Rifflart

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.

Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE) is an independent research firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm provides forecasting, research and evaluation of public policies, hosted by the National Foundation for Political Science (FNSP), in application of the convention signed in 1981 between the State and the FNSP. The OFCE brings together more than forty French and foreign researchers who cover the fields of economic analysis around four areas of work: analysis and forecasting of the French economy, European issues, environmental issue and analysis of inequalities.