David Spangler

Thrivent Investment Management, Inc. (Thrivent) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and fund manager headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Thrivent Financial Holdings, Inc., itself a subsidiary of Thrivent Financial for Lutherans, a faith-based, not-for-profit membership organization and financial services firm. Thrivent provides investment management and advisory services to individuals, trusts, estates, non-profit organizations, corporations and other business entities.

Thrivent Asset Management LLC (TAM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Founded in 2005, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Thrivent Financial Holdings, Inc., which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of Thrivent Financial for Lutherans, a faith-based, not-for-profit membership organization and financial services firm. TAM provides investment advisory services to the Thrivent Mutual Funds, a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 comprised of various mutual fund series.

Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (Investment Portfolio) (TFL-IP) is the investment portfolio division of Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (TFL), a fraternal benefit society headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Founded in 2001, TFL offers insurance products to its members. TFL-IP manages the investment portfolio of insurance clients.