Gerald Khoo

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Shane Le Prevost in 2007 to provide a different style of broking. They were acquired by Panmure Liberum Ltd. from TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in 2024. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in various large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Arbuthnot Securities Ltd. (ASL) is the brokerage subsidiary of Westhouse Holdings plc in Great Britain. Formerly known as Old Mutual Securities, the firm was acquired by Arbuthnot Banking Group in 2002 and changed their name to Arbuthnot Securities Ltd. Headquartered in London, ASL provides a range of stockbroking and corporate advisory services for institutional and corporate clients.

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.