Joseph Cushing

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Brighthouse Investment Advisers LLC (BIA) is a registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1994 as MetLife Advisers LLC and changed their name into Brighthouse Investment Advisers LLC in 2017. They are a subsidiary of Brighthouse Holdings LLC, which is owned by Brighthouse Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: BHF). BIA serves as the investment adviser to participants in the asset allocation program made available exclusively under Marquis Portfolios variable annuity contracts by the issuing insurance companies. In this capacity, their clients are holders of Marquis Portfolios variable annuity contracts. As noted above, the firm also serves as investment adviser to certain investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.