Francis Lee

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Vontobel Asset Management AG (Vontobel AM) is the asset management subsidiary of Vontobel Holding AG (SWX: VONN) in Switzerland. Founded in 1988, the firm is headquartered in Zurich and manages assets for institutional clients and the Vontobel Group's pension funds. Vontobel AM is a socially responsible investor and signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Credit Suisse AG is an investment management firm headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1856 and was acquired by UBS Group AG (SWX: UBSG) from Credit Suisse Group AG in 2023. Credit Suisse manages global and regional portfolios, mutual funds, and other investment vehicles for governments, institutions, corporations and individuals worldwide. They also offer private banking and wealth management, investment banking, and corporate and business support services.

Sectoral Asset Management, Inc. (Sectoral) is an investment management firm headquartered in Montréal, Canada. The firm was founded in 2000 by Jérôme G. Pfund and Michael J. Sjöström. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sectoral Asset Management Holding Ltd. in Hong Kong. Sectoral manages public and private equity healthcare strategies for investors around the world. Their clients include sovereign wealth funds, private banks, and family offices. In addition, they have long-standing sub-advisory relationships with institutional investors in Europe and Asia.

State Street Global Advisors Asia Ltd. (SSgA-Asia) is the wholly-owned, Hong Kong-based investment management subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors International Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by State Street Corp. (NYSE: STT), a financial services and bank holding company headquartered in the US. Founded in 1997, SSgA-Asia provides investment advisory and asset management services to institutional clients in the Asia region, Central Banks, Sovereign Wealth Funds, Pension Funds, and certain pooled investment vehicles such as ETFs established in Asia.

Lombard Odier Europe SA (France) is the French asset management division of Luxembourg-based Lombard Odier Europe SA, ultimately owned by Compagnie Lombard Odier SCmA, an independent Swiss private bank which was founded in 1796. Headquartered in Paris, the firm was created in 2001 and specializes in portfolio management for private and institutional clients.

JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Ltd. (JPM Asia) is the Hong Kong-based brokerage subsidiary of JP Morgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), a global financial services company headquartered in the US. JPM Asia provides brokerage services to local corporations and institutions, multinationals, governments and private clients.

Part of Banque Pictet & Cie SA, Pictet International Ltd. provides private banking services.

CFA Institute operates as non-profit organization, which engages in the provision of chartered financial analyst programs. It offers certificate in investment performance measurement program, investment foundations, and scholarship. The company was founded in 1965 and is headquartered in Charlottesville, VA.

Fullerton Fund Management Co. Ltd. (Fullerton) is the wholly-owned fund management subsidiary of the Government of Singapore's Temasek Holdings Pte Ltd. Fullerton was founded in 2003 and is an Asia-based investment specialist offering relative and absolute returns products and solutions for institutions such as government agencies, pension plans, insurance companies, endowments and sovereign wealth, as well as for private wealth and the retail segment. Headquartered in Singapore, the firm also has associated offices in Shanghai, London, Tokyo and Brunei.

Lombard Odier Trust (Japan) Ltd. (Lombard Odier Trust Japan) is an investment management firm headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Formerly known as Lombard Odier Darier Hentsch Trust Japan Ltd., the firm was founded in 1992 and is a subsidiary of LO Holding SA, which is owned by Compagnie Lombard Odier SCmA in Switzerland. Lombard Odier Trust Japan provides wealth management services to private and institutional clients.

Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC (GS-Asia) is the Hong Kong-based brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Holdings (Hong Kong) Ltd., ultimately owned by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS), a multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1984, GS-Asia provides market insight, risk management and execution services to institutional clients which includes asset managers, hedge funds, banks and brokerages, pensions, endowments and foundations, corporations, and governments.

Yuanta Securities (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. (YSHK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in Hong Kong. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Yuanta Securities Asia Financial Services Ltd., ultimately owned by Yuanta Financial Holding Co. Ltd. (TPE: 2885) in Taiwan. YSHK provides brokerage services to global and local institutional clients, corporate clients as well as individual investors.

Part of Mirae Asset Financial Group, Mirae Asset Securities (HK) Ltd. is a brokerage service. The company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. The Chinese company was founded in 2007. The CEO is Sang-Joon Kim.

Founded in 1970, SAIL Advisors Ltd. is a subsidiary of Mari-Cha Investment Group Ltd. that provides investment advice. The company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

The Securities & Futures Commission is a regulatory body that oversees the securities and futures market. The non-profit company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong and has subsidiaries in Hong Kong. The Chinese company was founded by Ermanno Pascutto. Ashley Alder has been the CEO of the company since 2011.

PineBridge Investments Asia Ltd. is the asset management and investment advisory subsidiary of PineBridge Investments Holdings (Gibraltar) No. 1 Ltd., ultimately held by Chiltonlink Ltd. in British Virgin Islands. Formerly known as AIG Global Investment Corporation (Asia) Ltd., the firm was founded in 2009 when they were spun off by American International Group. Headquartered in Hong Kong, PineBridge Investments Asia provides alternative investment, asset allocation, equity, and fixed-income strategies for institutions, insurance companies, intermediaries and individual clients.

Harvest Global Investments Ltd. (HGI) is the wholly-owned, Hong Kong-based investment management subsidiary of Harvest Fund Management Co., Ltd. (HFM), an asset management company headquartered in China. Founded in 2008, HGI provides discretionary portfolio management services to their clients, sometimes with the assistance of HFM, serving as the investment adviser to pooled investment vehicles sponsored by other financial firms. They also provide investment advisory services on behalf of sophisticated institutional investors to separately managed accounts.

HKEx is the holding company of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. It brings together the market organisations which have transformed Hong Kong's financial services industry from a domestically focused market to become a central market place in Asia attracting investment funds from all over the world. HKEx was listed in June 2000 following the integration of Hong Kong's securities and derivatives markets. As a market-driven organisation, answerable to its shareholders, HKEx competes vigorously for opportunities in the region and around the world. HKEx's operations are organised into focused units, directly supervised and controlled by management and the board of directors. The board, the highest decision-making body, determines HKEx's objectives, missions, strategies, policies and business plan and monitors their implementation by management. In its role as the operator and frontline regulator of the central securities and derivatives marketplace in Hong Kong, HKEx regulates listed issuers; administers listing, trading and clearing rules; and provides services, primarily at the wholesale level, to customers of the exchanges and clearing houses, including issuers and intermediaries - investment banks or sponsors, securities and derivatives brokers, custodian banks and information vendors - who service the investor directly. These services comprise trading, clearing and settlement, depository and nominee services, and information services.

BNP Paribas Asset Management Asia Ltd. (BNPP AM Hong Kong) is the wholly-owned, Hong Kong-based asset management subsidiary of BNP Paribas Asset Management France SAS, itself owned by BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP; ADR: BNPQQY), a multinational universal bank and financial services holding company headquartered in France. BNPP AM Hong Kong was founded in 1991 and provides investors with high-value sustainable investment solutions to clients.

Banque Lombard Odier & Cie. SA provides financial services. The firm specialized in asset and wealth management, institutional asset management, and private banking services. It has a network of 24 offices in 17 countries. The company was founded in 1796 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

Credit Suisse Singapore Ltd. (Private Banking) (Credit Suisse-PB) is the private banking division of Singapore-based Credit Suisse (Singapore) Ltd., ultimately held by UBS Group AG (SWX: UBSG), a multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Switzerland. Founded in 1971, Credit Suisse-PB provides financial solutions, products and advisory services to wealthy families and individuals, often entrepreneurs and business owners. They also offer tailored services for external asset managers.

Lombard Odier (Singapore) Ltd. (Lombard Odier-SG) is an investment management firm headquartered in Singapore. The firm was founded in 2008 and is a subsidiary of Banque Lombard Odier & Cie SA, which is owned by Compagnie Lombard Odier SCmA in Switzerland. Lombard Odier-SG provides wealth management services for private and institutional clients in Asia, with a clear focus on discretionary portfolio management (DPM).