John Christopher Bailey

Spruce Investment Advisors LLC (Spruce) is an independent asset management firm headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. The firm was founded by John Bailey in 2001 as Spruce Private Investors LLC. Spruce provides investment management services to individually managed client accounts, both directly and through a multi-manager program.

Spruce Capital Management LLC (Private Equity) is a Private Equity firm, a subsidiary of Spruce Investment Advisors LLC founded in 2001.The firm is headquartered in Stamford.

Columbus Circle Investors (CCI) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. The firm is directly owned by CCIP LLC and is a partly-owned subsidiary of Principal Global Investors LLC, itself a member of Principal Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: PFG). Founded in 1975, CCI provides portfolio management services to individuals, high net-worth individuals, corporate pension and profit-sharing plans, Taft-Hartley plans, charitable institutions, foundations, endowments, municipalities, registered mutual funds, private investment funds, trust programs, sovereign funds, foreign funds, and other US and international institutions. The firm also provides sub-advisory services to certain registered investment companies, including certain affiliated Principal Global Investors’ Funds. They also sub-advise accounts of the Principal Global Investors Trust and provide investment portfolio services to wrap fee programs and other similar mandates.

Wachovia Corp. provided commercial and retail banking services. It offered personal finance and wealth management services. The company was founded on June 16, 1879 and was headquartered in Charlotte, NC.

Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. provides security brokerage services. It also offers investment banking and advice to high net worth investors, individuals, businesses and institutions. The company is headquartered in New York, NY.