Adam J. Shapiro

SpringOwl Associates LLC (SpringOwl) is a hedge fund manager headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1970 as Cumberland Associates LLC and merged with Ader Investment Management LLC in 2013 to form SpringOwl Associates LLC. They are wholly owned and controlled by SpringOwl Asset Management LLC. SpringOwl provides investment management services to private pooled investment vehicles that are offered to investors on a confidential, private-placement basis.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

JPMorgan Investment Management, Inc. (JPMIM) is a global, SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2000 as the result of Chase Manhattan's purchase of Robert Fleming Holdings and the subsequent merger of Chase and JPMorgan. In January 2010, JPMorgan Investment Advisors merged into JP Morgan Investment Management. JPMIM is a subsidiary of JPMorgan Asset Management Holdings, Inc., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM). The firm primarily provides investment advisory services to both US and non-US institutional and retail clients.

PGIM, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Newark, New Jersey. The firm was founded in 1984 and is a direct subsidiary of PGIM Holding Co. LLC, ultimately owned by Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU). PGIM provides institutional clients with investment solutions worldwide. It is comprised of autonomous asset management businesses each specializing in a particular asset class with a focused investment approach: PGIM Institutional Advisory & Solutions (provides advisory services to institutional clients located in the US and outside of the US), PGIM Fixed Income (an adviser primarily focused on public fixed income investments), PGIM Real Estate (a provider of real estate investment advisory services) and PGIM Capital Group (a private fixed income investment adviser, also known as Prudential Capital Group).

SunAmerica Asset Management LLC (SAAMCo) is a registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey. The firm was founded in 1982 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of American General Life Insurance Co., ultimately owned by American International Group, Inc. (NYSE: AIG). SAAMCo offers investment management and advisory services to open-end US registered investment companies and to an offshore, wholly-owned subsidiaries of a certain registered fund. They also offer model portfolios in connection with wrap programs known as unified managed account (UMA) wrap programs.

Harding Loevner LP is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Bridgewater, New Jersey. The firm was founded in 1989 by former managers for the Rockefeller family. They are a direct subsidiary of Titan NJ LP Holdings LLC, which is owned by Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (NYSE: AMG). Harding Loevner provides investment management services to a variety of types of clients in the US such as retirement plans, foundations and endowments, sovereign wealth funds, religious institutions, individuals, trusts, broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers, insurance companies, mutual funds, collective investment trust funds, and offshore funds.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

Founded in 1999, Credit Suisse Asset Management LLC (CSAM) is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (NYSE: CS), a publicly owned foreign bank holding company based in Switzerland.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of the following: (1) funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and (2) separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Invesco Advisers, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a subsidiary of Invesco Group Services, Inc., ultimately held by Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ). The firm was founded in 1986 and previously known as Invesco Institutional NA, Inc. until April 2010 when Invesco Ltd. consolidated the businesses of their US investment advisors (Invesco AIM Advisors, Inc., Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc., Invesco AIM Private Asset Management, Inc. and Invesco Global Asset Management NA, Inc.) under the name Invesco Advisers, Inc. They provide discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to individuals, institutional and high net-worth clients through separate accounts, wrap fee programs and US registered investment companies and other Commingled Funds.

Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. (Broker) (CGMI-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., an investment bank headquartered in New York City with additional offices across the US. The firm was founded in 2004 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Financial Products, Inc., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C). CGMI-Broker covers all market capitalizations of the major global indices and provides macro and quantitative analysis of global markets and sector trends. Their core focus of the group is to help investing clients make informed decisions by providing value-added, independent, insightful analysis.

Part of Canaccord Genuity Group, Inc., C.E. Unterberg, Towbin Holdings, Inc. provides financial advisory services. The company is based in New York, NY.

Franklin Advisers, Inc. is a mutual fund manager and registered investment advisor headquartered in San Mateo, California. The firm was founded in 1985 and is a subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN), a holding company that, together with its various subsidiaries is referred to as Franklin Templeton Investments. Franklin Advisers provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to US and non-US, registered open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds, as well as separate accounts.

Duke University is an academic university that offers undergraduate, graduate and professional programs. It also has publications and research services. The university was founded in 1838 and is headquartered in Durham, NC.

Harvard University engages in the provision of teaching and research. It has twelve degree-granting Schools in addition to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, offering a global education. The university was founded in 1636 and is headquartered in Cambridge, MA.

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GS&Co.) is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1927, the firm is a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS). GS&Co. provides services to help hedge funds manage risk, monitor portfolios, maintain liquidity and build their businesses. They offer clients access to global equity and derivatives markets, as well as foreign exchange, commodities, European Lefts, rates and credit across the Americas, Europe and Asia. The firm proactively monitors capital markets, searching for pockets of liquidity and news that may require changes to those strategies. Integration with the Goldman Sachs network gives clients access to the firm's sectored block trades and their insights into price discovery. Their electronic trading program provides clients with tools to manage their trades from pre-trade analytics to post-trade analysis.

ClearBridge Investments LLC is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc., ultimately held by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN). They were founded in 2005 as ClearBridge Advisors, which operated through Citigroup Asset Management NA, and was acquired by Legg Mason that year. They changed their name to ClearBridge Investments LLC in 2012. ClearBridge Investments provides discretionary investment management services for both institutional and retail clients. The firm also acts as adviser or sub-adviser to the ClearBridge Funds which are part of the Legg Mason family of mutual funds.

Virtus Fixed Income Advisers LLC (VFIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut. The firm was founded in 1992 as Seix Investment Advisors LLC. They are a subsidiary of Virtus Partners, Inc., which is owned by Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (NASDAQ: VRTS). VFIA provides discretionary investment supervisory services to high-net worth individuals and institutional clients.

Northwestern University is a private institution founded in 1851 to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that now includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Northwestern has three campuses

The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Inc. provides investment advice, and insurance products and services. The company was founded in 1875 and is headquartered in Newark, NJ.

Arthur Andersen LLP used to provide accounting services. It was also into consulting services for clients that operate businesses throughout the United States and around the world. Arthur Andersen was founded in 1913 and was headquartered in Chicago, IL.

Virtus International Management LLP (VIM) is a specialty fixed-income investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Virtus International Services Ltd., ultimately owned by Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (NYSE: VRTS) in the US. Formerly known as Stone Harbor Investment Partners (UK) LLP, VIM manages assets for institutional clients globally.

Cornell University is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and post graduate programs. It was founded in 1865 and is based in Ithaca, NY.

Oaktree Capital Management LP (Oaktree) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and hedge fund manager headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm was founded by Howard Marks, Bruce Karsh, and Sheldon Stone in 1995 as an LLC and was reorganized as an LP in 2007. They are a subsidiary of Oaktree Capital Management GP LLC, ultimately held by Brookfield Corp. (NYSE, TSX: BN) in Canada. Oaktree provides advisory services to clients with separately managed accounts and to private limited partnerships and other pooled investment vehicles for which either Oaktree or an affiliate acts as general partner and/or investment manager. The firm is a socially responsible investor and a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Calamos Advisors LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in Naperville, Illinois. The firm was founded by John Calamos, Sr. in 1977 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Calamos Investments LLC, ultimately held by Calamos Family Partners, Inc. Calamos Advisors provides investment management services to institutional clients such as corporations and financial institutions, registered investment companies or mutual funds, closed-end funds, charitable institutions, foundations and endowments, corporate pensions, profit sharing and other retirement plans, municipalities, individuals, Taft-Hartley plans, and pooled investment vehicles.

OCM Distressed Debt Group (OCM) is an private equity firm founded in 1995 by Bruce Allen Karsh and Sheldon Michael Stone. The firm is an operating division of Oaktree Capital Management LP. The firm is headquartered in Los Angeles.

Zebu Investment Partners (Zebu Investment Partners) is a private equity firm founded in 2012. The firm is headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa.